Exercise 37 page 138, Exercise 38 page 139

Exercise 37 page 138

1    The last record that was produced by this company became a gold record.

2.      Checking accounts who require a minimum balance are very common now.

3.      The proffessor to whom  you spoke yesterday is not here today.

4.      John, whose grades are the highest in the school, has received a scholarship.

5.      Felipe bought  a camera that has three lenses.

6.      Frank is the man whom we are going to nominate for the office of treasurer.

7.      The doctor is with a patient whose leg was broken in an accident.

8.      Jane is the woman who is going to China next year.

9.      Janet wants a typewriter who self-corrects.

10.  This book that I found last week contains some useful information.

11.  Mr. Bryant, whose team has lost the game, looks very sad.

12.  James wrote an article that indicated that he disliked the president.

13.  The director of the program who graduated from Havard University is planning to retire next year.

14.  This is the book that I have been looking for all the year.

15.  William, whose brother is a lawyer, wants to become a judge.

Exercise 38 page 139

1.      George is the man chosen to represent the committee at the convention.

2.      All of the money accepted has already been realesed.

3.      The papers on the table belong to Patricia.

4.      The man brought to the police station confessed to the crime.

5.      The girl drinking coffee is Mary Allen.

6.      John’s wife, a professor, has written several papers on this subject.

7.      The man talking to the policeman is my uncle.

8.      The book on the top shelf is the one that I need.

9.      The number of students been counted is quite high.

10.  Leo Evans, a doctor, eats in this restaurant every day.

THE RELATIVE PRONOUN

THE RELATIVE PRONOUN

A clause is a group of words containing a subject and a verb.

An independent clause is a complete sentence. It contains the main subject and verb of a sentences. It is also called a main clause.

A dependent clause is not a complete sentence. It must be connected to an independent clause.

An adjective clause is a dependent clause that modifies a noun. It describes, identifies, or gives further information about a noun. An adjective clause is also called a relative clause.

A.    Using Subject Pronouns : WHO, WHICH, THAT

Example : - I thanked my mother. -          She helped me. (a)    I thanked my mother who helped me. (b)   I thanked my mother that helped me. Example : - The book is your. -          It is on the table. (c)    The book which is on the table is your. (d)   The book that is on the table is your.

In (a) : I thanked my mother= an independent clause.                 who helped me = an adjective clause. The adjective clause modifies the noun woman. In (a) : who is the subject of the adjective clause. In (b) : that is the subject of the adjective clause. Note : (a) and (b) have the same meaning. Who = used for people. Which = used for things. That = used for both people and things.

B.     Using Subject Pronouns : WHOM, WHICH, THAT

Example : - The man was Mr.fahri. -          I saw him. (e)    The man who(m) I saw was Mr.farhi. (f)    The man that I saw was Mr.fahri. (g)   The man Ø I saw was Mr.fahri. Example : - The show was bored. -          We saw it last night. (h)   The show which we saw last night was bored. (i)     The show that we saw last night was bored. (j)     The show Ø we saw last night was bored.

Notice in the examples : the adjective clause pronouns are placed at the beginning of the clause. In (e) : who is usually used instead of whom, especially in speaking. Whom is generally used only in very formal English. In (g) and (j) : an object pronoun is often omitted from an adjective clause. ( a subject pronoun, however, may not be omitted). Who(m) = used for people. Which = used for things. That = used for both people and things.

C.     Using Subject Pronouns : WHOSE

Example : - I know joko. -          His bicycle was stolen. (k)   I know joko whose bicycle was stolen. Example : - The student writes well. -          I read their novel. (l)     The student whose their novel I read writes well.	Whose is used to show possession. It carries the same meaning as other possessive pronouns used as adjectives : his, her, its and their. Like his, her, its and their, whose is connected to a noun. his bicycle à whose bicycle. her composition à whose composition. Both whose and the noun it is connected to are placed at the beginning of the adjective clause. Whose cannot be omitted.
Mr. Catt has a painting. Its value is inestimable. (m) Mr. Catt a painting whose value is inestimable.	Whose usually modifies “people” but it may also be used to modify “things” as in (m).

Causative Verbs (Page 135)

Causative Verbs  (Page 135)

1.      Leave

2.      Ripaired

3.      Typed

4.      Call

5.      Painted

6.      Wrote

7.      Lie

8.      Sent

9.      Cut

10.  Sigen

11.  Leave

12.  Washed

13.  Fixed

14.  Published

15.  Find

Causative verb

Causative verb

Causative verb menunjukkan bahwa seseorang/sesuatu secara tidak langsung bertanggung jawab terhadap sebuah tindakan. Subjek tidak melakukan tindakan itu sendiri, tetapi justru menyebabkan seseorang/sesuatu yang lain melakukannya.

Have
Have merupakan causative verb yang umum. Ketimbang melakukan sesuatu dengan diri kita sendiri, kita “menyuruh” orang yang lain untuk melakukannya. Bentuknya sebagai berikut:

Kata kerja “to have” + objek + past participle (verb 3). Contoh:

- I had my jacket cleaned yesterday.
- Did you have your computer fixed?

Terkadang kita menggunakan have sebagai causative verb ketika kita ingin melakukan tindakan oleh diri kita sendiri. Contoh:

- When will the report be ready? I’ll do it by tomorrow morning. >>
- When will the report be ready? I’ll have it done by tomorrow morning.

Dengan menggunakan causative, kalimat ke-dua diatas mengalihkan perhatian dari pelaku tindakan, dan lebih memberikan perhatian kepada tindakan yang sedang dilakukan. Ini kedengaran sopan dan profesional.

Get
Get sering digunakan ketimbang have. Contoh:

I got my computer fixed - I had my computer fixed. Kedua kalimat ini maknanya sama.
I got my jacket cleaned. - I had my jacket cleaned. Kedua kalimat ini maknanya sama.

Causative verbs sering digunakan bersama dengan pengalaman-pengalaman negatif. Pada situasi-situasi ini lebih umum menggunakan have. Contoh:

I had my wallet stolen. (Saya sebenarnya tidak menyebabkan dompet saya dicuri - seseorang mencuri dompet saya dariku)
She had her window smashed.

Let
Let digunakan untuk membolehkan seseorang melakukan sesuatu. Bentuknya adalah let + orang + verb. Contoh:

John let me drive his new car.
Will your parents let you go to the party?
I don’t know if my boss will let me take the day off.
Make

Make digunakan untuk memaksa seseorang melakukan sesuatu. Bentuknya adalah make + orang + verb. Contoh:

My teacher made me apologize for what I had said.
Did somebody make you wear that ugly hat?
She made her children do their homework.

TUGAS SOFTSKILL EXERCISE

EXERCISE 22 : USED TO page : 99
Supply the simple form or ( verb + ing ) as required in the following senteceses.
1. I was used to eating at noon when I started school
2. He used to eat dinner at five o’clock
3. When I was young, I used to swim every day
4. He used to like her, but he doesn’t anymore
5. Don’t worry. Some day you will get used to speak English
6. Alvaro can’t get used to study
7. He used to dance every night , but now he studies
8. Adam is used to sleep late on weekends
9. Chieko is used to eating American food now
10. She finally got used to eat our food

Page : 106

3. Marchela didn’t come to class yesterday. She may have had an accident
4. John didn’t do his homework, so the teacher became very angry. John must have done his homework
5. Sharon was supposed to be here at nine o’clock. She must have forgotten about our meeting
6. Where do you think juan is today ? I have no idea. He may have slept late
7. George missed class today. He might had had an accident
8. Robert arrived without his book. He could have lost it
9. Thomas received a warning for speeding. He shouldn’t have driven so fast
10. Henry’s car stopped on the highway. It may run out of gas


EXERCISE 26 : ADJECTIVE AND ADVERBS page : 107

1. Rita plays the violin ( good / well )
2. That is an ( intense / intensely ) novel
3. The sun is shining ( bright / brightly )
4. The girls speak ( fluent / fluently ) French
5. The boys speak Spanish ( fluent / fluently )
6. The table has a ( smooth / smoothly ) surface
7. We must figure our income tax returns ( accurate / accurately)
8. We don’t like to drink ( bitter / bitterly ) tea
9. The plane will arrive ( soon / sonly )
10. He had an accident because he was driving too ( fast / fastly )


EXERCISE 27 : LINKING ( COPULAIVE ) page : 109
1. Your cold sounds ( terrible / terribly )
2. The pianist plays very ( good / well )
3. The food in the restaurant always tates ( good / well )
4. The campers remained ( calm / calmly ) despite the thunderstorm
5. They became ( sick / sickly ) after eating the contaminated food
6. Professor calandra looked ( quick / quickly ) at the students sketches
7. Paco was working ( diligent / diligently ) on the project
8. Paul protested ( vehement / vehemently ) about the new proposals
9. Our neighbors appeared ( relaxed / relaxedly ) after their vacation
10. The music sounded too ( noisy / noisly ) to be classical


EXERCISE 28 : COMPARISONS page : 114
1. John and his friends left as soon as the professor had finished his lecture
2. His job is more important than his friends
3. He plays the guitar as well as Andreas Segovia
4. A new house is much more expensive than an older one
5. Last week as hot as this week
6. Martha is more talented than her cousin
7. Bill’s descriptions more colorful than his wife’s
8. Nobody is happier than Maria Elena
9. The boys felt worse than the girls about the game
10. A greyhound run faster than a Chihuahua

EXERCISE 29 : COMPARISONS page : 114
1. The empire state building is taller than the Statue of Liberty
2. California is farther from New York as Pennsylavia
3. His assignment is different than mine
4. Louie reads more quickly than his sister
5. No animal is so big from King kong
6. That report is less impressive than the government’s
7. Sam wears the same shirt as his teammates
8. Dave paints much more realistically than his professor
9. The twins have less money at the end of the month from they have at the beginning
10. Her sports car is different from Nancy’s

EXERCISE 30 : COMPARISONS page : 117

1. Of the four dress, I like the read one ( better / best )
2. Phil is the ( happier / happiest ) person that we know
3. Pat’s car is ( faster / fastest ) than Dad’s
4. The is the ( creamier / creamiest ) ice cream I have had in a long time
5. This poster is ( colorfuler / more colorful ) than the one in the hall
6. Does freed feel ( weller / better ) today than he did yesterday ?
7. This vegetable soup tastes very ( good / well )
8. While trying to balance the basket on her head, the woman walked ( awkwarder / more awkwardly ) than her daughter
9. Jane is the ( less / least ) atletic of all the woman
10. My cat is the ( prettier / prettiest ) of the two