Sabtu, 16 Juni 2012

THE RELATIVE PRONOUN


THE RELATIVE PRONOUN

A clause is a group of words containing a subject and a verb.
An independent clause is a complete sentence. It contains the main subject and verb of a sentences. It is also called a main clause.
A dependent clause is not a complete sentence. It must be connected to an independent clause.

An adjective clause is a dependent clause that modifies a noun. It describes, identifies, or gives further information about a noun. An adjective clause is also called a relative clause.


A.    Using Subject Pronouns : WHO, WHICH, THAT
Example : - I thanked my mother.
-          She helped me.
(a)    I thanked my mother who helped me.
(b)   I thanked my mother that helped me.

Example : - The book is your.
-          It is on the table.
(c)    The book which is on the table is your.
(d)   The book that is on the table is your.

In (a) : I thanked my mother= an independent clause.
                who helped me = an adjective clause.
The adjective clause modifies the noun woman.
In (a) : who is the subject of the adjective clause.
In (b) : that is the subject of the adjective clause.
Note : (a) and (b) have the same meaning.
Who = used for people.
Which = used for things.
That = used for both people and things.


B.     Using Subject Pronouns : WHOM, WHICH, THAT
Example : - The man was Mr.fahri.
-          I saw him.
(e)    The man who(m) I saw was Mr.farhi.
(f)    The man that I saw was Mr.fahri.
(g)   The man Ø I saw was Mr.fahri.




Example : - The show was bored.
-          We saw it last night.
(h)   The show which we saw last night was bored.
(i)     The show that we saw last night was bored.
(j)     The show Ø we saw last night was bored.

Notice in the examples : the adjective clause pronouns are placed at the beginning of the clause.
In (e) : who is usually used instead of whom, especially in speaking. Whom is generally used only in very formal English.
In (g) and (j) : an object pronoun is often omitted from an adjective clause. ( a subject pronoun, however, may not be omitted).
Who(m) = used for people.
Which = used for things.
That = used for both people and things.


C.     Using Subject Pronouns : WHOSE
Example : - I know joko.
-          His bicycle was stolen.
(k)   I know joko whose bicycle was stolen.

Example : - The student writes well.
-          I read their novel.
(l)     The student whose their novel I read writes well.
Whose is used to show possession. It carries the same meaning as other possessive pronouns used as adjectives : his, her, its and their. Like his, her, its and their, whose is connected to a noun.
his bicycle à whose bicycle.
her composition à whose composition.
Both whose and the noun it is connected to are placed at the beginning of the adjective clause. Whose cannot be omitted.
Mr. Catt has a painting. Its value is inestimable.
(m) Mr. Catt a painting whose value is inestimable.
Whose usually modifies “people” but it may also be used to modify “things” as in (m).

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